Common Spotted Orchid – Dactylorhiza Fuchsii
The genus name Dactylorhiza is a combination of the Greek words daktylos, meaning “finger” or “claw” and rhiza meaning “root”, while the species name fuchsii is named after the German botanist and physician Leonhard Fuchs. The common name, spotted orchid, refers to the flower’s petal patterning, which can come in shades of white, pink, or purple and are adorned with dark spots or other patterns.
How to Plant
Common Spotted Orchid, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, is one of the easiest orchids to care for when planted in the garden. It is a tuberous and terrestrial orchid variety, meaning it grows from tubers just under the soil surface, and prefers a well-draining, sandy soil with a low fertility, as over-rich soils can stimulate too much leaf and stem growth rather than flower production. It needs full sun, partial shade, or dappled light to thrive, though it prefers full sun when grown in a pot. With regards to temperature, it flourishes best in cool to warm regions but will survive cold and hot climates if given extra protection. It is not astringent to frost and can survive temperatures down to 10°F (-12°C). To provide added protection to outdoor plants, you can put down a thick layer of mulch over the winter.
This beautiful orchid variety convinces with its easy-care character and is therefore an ideal addition to beds, borders, rock gardens, or cottage gardens. It blooms in late spring to early summer, and spikes of 20 to 70 flowers can reach 24-inches tall. Common spotted orchid is a perennial, and should be planted between 6 and 12 inches deep in order to give them enough nourishment for the entire season.
Meaning and Symbolism
The Common Spotted Orchid is a symbol of love and friendship. Its delicately spotted petals are thought to bring luck and positivity to the recipient. It’s also a symbol of purity and innocence.
History, Mythology, and Religious Significance
For centuries, roots of various species of orchid have been used medicinally across various cultures in Asia and Scandinavia, both ground and in teas. In Greece, the orchid was thought to bring good luck, and its petals were often included in wedding garlands. In Scandinavia, it was an icon of fertility and used in marriage ceremonies. In France, it was considered a symbol of strength and courage. In India, it was believed to have a connection with the Hindu god Vishnu.
Common spotted orchid has been a favorite of gardeners since its introduction in the 1600s. Over the years, its popularity surged, with demand for its petals in medicine and religious ceremonies. For many Europeans, growing spotted orchids was part of a larger trend of exploring exotic plants.
Flower Varieties and Their Defining Characteristics
The common spotted orchid, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, is a tuberous and terrestrial orchid with a delicate appearance. It produces spikes of 20 to 70 white, pink, or purple flowers with dark spots or other patterns. It blooms in late spring to early summer, and it is tolerant of many conditions. Common spotted orchid grows up to 24 inches tall and does well in part shade.
How to Pot and Repot
Common spotted orchids are best planted in a rich, porous, and well-drained potting medium. The potting medium should be loosely packed so the orchid can easily root. Adding some perlite and activated charcoal to the mix aids in drainage and helps to reduce the chances of over-watering.
Select a pot that’s wide enough to allow the orchid to stretch out its leaves, while at the same time deep enough to provide enough space for the orchid’s roots. The orchid should be planted up to its neck but not higher, as this may cause the flower to topple over when the wind blows. The potting medium should be covered with moss or other decorative objects and the surface should be gentle and slightly damp.
How to Prune
Once the flowering is over, the flower spike should be removed. The same applies to the dead leaves. Remove dead leaves as soon as possible, as they may harbor disease and pests. Additionally, prune the plant’s foliage when it starts to look yellow, wilted, and unattractive. This will promote new growth. For best results, use sharp, sterilized pruning shears for quick and accurate cuts.
How to Propagate
Common spotted orchids can easily be propagated through division. Wait until the orchid has finished flowering and the bloom has dried and fallen off. Using a sharp, sterilized knife, separate the parent plant into two or three parts. Be sure to leave enough roots on each division so that it can still take up water and nutrients. Place the divisions into separate pots filled with a porous potting mix.
Common Pests and Diseases
The most common pests to worry about with common spotted orchids are aphids, mites, and slugs. Aphids will feed on the foliage of the plant and can stunt the growth of the orchid. Mites will cause yellow spots on the leaves and slugs and snails can eat both the foliage and the roots of the plant. To prevent against pests, keep the area near the plant clear of debris and weeds and make sure to remove dead leaves and spent blooms.
Common spotted orchids are relatively easy to care for, but may be susceptible to certain diseases. Root rot is a fungal disease that can occur if the roots are allowed to sit in wet soil for extended periods of time. The leaves of the plant will become yellow and may appear wilted. Powdery mildew is another fungal disease that can cause a white, powdery substance to appear on the leaves of the plant. This can be prevented by ensuring that the orchid is planted in a very well-draining soil and ensuring that the foliage is dry after watering.
Three Frequently Asked Questions About Dactylorhiza Fuchsii
Q: How much sun do Common Spotted Orchids need?
A: Common spotted orchids need full sun, partial shade, or dappled light to thrive, though they prefer full sun when grown in a pot.
Q: Where are Common Spotted Orchids native to?
A: Common spotted orchids are native to Central Europe and parts of Northern Europe, including British Isles, Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and Austria. They have also been introduced to North America in some parts.
Q: Is Common Spotted Orchid hardy?
A: Common spotted orchid is hardy in USDA Hardiness Zones 4-8. It is not astringent to frost and can survive temperatures down to 10°F (-12°C).
Table Fact Sheet
Fact Sheet
Common Spotted Orchid | Dactylorhiza fuchsii |
Family | Orchidaceae |
Plant Type | Perennial |
Mature Size | 24 inches tall |
Sun Exposure | Full sun to partial shade |
Soil Type | Well-draining, sandy soil |
Soil pH | Prefers acidic, but will tolerate a wide range |
Bloom Time | Late spring to early summer |
Flower Color | White, pink, or purple |
Hardiness Zones | 4-8 |
Native Area | Central Europe and parts of Northern Europe |
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