Gayfeather, and Liatris spicata, is a wildflower that belongs to the aster family (Asteraceae). The genus name is derived from the Latin Liatris, which means “small burning torch,” referring to the shape of the inflorescence. The species name, spicata, is derived from the Latin spicus, which means “spike”. It is native to parts of North America, including southeastern Canada and the United States. Gayfeather is a herbaceous plant that is cultivated in the garden for its colorful flowers and to attract butterflies. It is an excellent perennial for gardeners of all skill levels.
How to Plant
Gayfeather is an adaptable wildflower. It grows best in moist, well-drained soil that has plenty of organic matter. It should be planted in areas that have full sun to partial shade. The soil should have a pH of 6.5 to 7.5. A light top-dressing of compost should be laid down at planting for improved soil health. Gayfeather can also tolerate drought and heat. It does not require much pruning and can be divided every three to four years.
Gayfeather is a hardy plant, being able to survine in zones three to nine. To plant Gayfeather, prepare a hole with a trowel. The hole should be two to three times as deep and twice as wide as the roots. Carefully place the Gayfeather in the center and spread the roots out evenly. Backfill the hole with the displaced soil, mixing it well with the compost or manure you put in the bottom. Lastly, water the plant thoroughly.
Meaning and Symbolism
Gayfeather has been used as a symbol of abundance, tranquility and peace. Gayfeathers have been used as a symbol of strength and renewal, with some cultures using them as tokens of encouragement and hope. They are often given as gifts in Japan to signify the purity of the soul and to bring peace. Gayfeathers are also believed to bring luck, good fortune, and bring love and comfort to those who need it.
History, Mythology, and Religious Significance
In Native American culture, Gayfeather is associated with longevity and strength. In some tribes, it is believed that when given as gifts, it extends the giver’s life and provides them with good luck in all their endeavors. In other tribes, it is believed that Gayfeather has healing powers, especially for women. In some tribes, Gayfeather is also used to invoke good luck in hunting.
Gayfeather is also a part of many religions. In Buddhism and Hinduism, the flowers are offered in some of the rituals and ceremonies. In Christianity, gayfeather is a symbol of divine guidance and is often found in funeral wreaths and bouquets. It is also used as a decoration in some churches, to commemorate the body and blood of Christ.
Flower Varieties and Defining Characteristics
Liatris spicata has several varieties, each with different flower and foliage colors. Gayfeather, or Liatris spicata, has white, purple, blue, and rosy-red blooms and grass-like foliage. The super-fluffy flower spikes reach 4 feet tall. The blooms are arranged from top to bottom, giving a long period of bloom time that ranges from four to eight weeks. The grass-like foliage is deep green and provides both nutrition to birds and season-long interest after the flowers have faded.
The plant is a perennial and is hardy in zones three to nine. It requires very little maintenance and is an ideal plant for gardeners of all experience levels. It adds a unique presence in the garden, as well as a beautiful bouquet of colors.
How to Pot and Repot
Gayfeather needs to be planted in a large enough container to accommodate ample amounts of soil, but one that isn’t too big. A pot with a diameter of four to seven inches and a depth of nine to twelve inches should be suitable for Gayfeather. Use a quality potting soil for this. Add a handful of lime and some slow release fertilizer, like a granular fertilizer.
Make sure to water the Gayfeather thoroughly after potting and then regularly every week. If a potted gayfeather becomes too large, you can repot it. To do this, gently remove the Liatris spicata from its pot and shake off the old soil. Trim the roots to a manageable size and replant in a larger container. Make sure that the new container is at least one size bigger than the previous one. Fill it with potting soil and water the plant thoroughly.
How to Prune
Gayfeathers require little pruning. For best results, it helps to trim the plant at the end of the flowering season when it has died back naturally. Trim the bulk of the plant regardless of the season. Cut it just above the ground so that new buds can emerge in the spring. You can also cut down tall stalks to the desired height for a more compact plant.
How to Propagate
Take a 4-inch cutting from new growth, pinch off spent flower heads, and remove the lowest leaves. Dip cut end of stem into rooting hormone and place cutting in a moist soil mixture (or potting mix) in a loose paper bag or small pot. Place the container in indirect sunlight in a well-ventilated spot, moistening the soil regularly. Keep the air temperature in the range of 70-75°F (21-23°C). After four to five weeks, roots should have formed, and the cutting can be transplanted into a 4-inch pot and grown as a separate plant.
Common Pests and Diseases
Liatris spicata is generally disease and pest resistant, but it is not completely immune. Common issues include aphid, armyworm, and spider mite infestations; and Alternaria leaf blight, Ascochyta leaf spots and crown rust. To prevent pests and diseases, be sure to space plants far enough apart to allow for good air circulation, and avoid overhead watering.
If pests or diseases occur, treat with an approved fungicide or insecticide, or with a natural solution like neem oil.
Three Frequently Asked Questions
1. When should I plant Gayfeather?
You can plant Gayfeather any time from late spring to early fall. They will do best in early fall when temperatures are milder but can be planted through winter in warm climates.
2. How much water does the Gayfeather need?
Gayfeather likes moist soil and should be watered regularly so the soil remains damp. In the summer months, it may need to be watered more often. It is important to keep the soil evenly moist but not soggy.
3. How quickly does the Gayfeather spread?
Gayfeather can spread rapidly, depending on soil and weather conditions. The plant can spread and self-seed as much as three feet in a season.
Table of Facts
| Gayfeather | Liatris spicata |
|---|---|
| Family | Asteraceae |
| Plant Type | Perennial |
| Mature Size | 3-4 feet tall |
| Sun Exposure | Full sun to Partial Shade |
| Soil Type | Well-drained, moist soil |
| Soil pH | 6.5-7.5 |
| Bloom Time | 4-8 weeks |
| Flower Color | White, purple, blue, and rosy-red |
| Hardiness Zones | 3-9 |
| Native Area | Southeastern Canada and the United States. |
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