The Canadian violet, more commonly referred to as the Viola canadensis, is part of the Viola genus. It is a clump-forming perennial, identifiable by its five delicate petals featuring a yellow base and purple veins on select petals. The leaves are heart-shaped and dark green in color. Canada Violets look great in wildflower or woodland gardens, and they thrive best in partial shade and aggressively self-seed.
Etymology
The scientific name of the Canada Violet is derived from the Latin word, canadensis, which is a reference to this species being native to Canada. The English term, “violet,” is derived from the Latin word “viola,” which is a reference to the flower’s violet color.
Family
Canada Violet is a member of the Violaceae family.
Plant Type
The Viola canadensis is a perennial plant.
Mature Size
Canada Violet typically reaches a maximum height of 15 cm.
Sun Exposure
Viola canadensis prefers partial shade. It also does well under light shade and even direct sunlight.
Soil Type
Viola canadensis prefers moist soil that is slightly acidic in nature.
Soil PH
The optimal Ph level for Viola canadensis is a pH of 5.5 to 6.5.
Bloom Time
The bloom time of the Canada Violet occurs from mid-Spring to mid- Summer.
Flower Color
The flower of Viola canadensis is a creamy white in color.
Hardiness Zones
The Canada Violet can be planted in hardiness zones 5 to 8.
Native Area
The native range of the Canada Violet is found in Eastern North America, throughout Canada and parts of the United States.
Meaning and Symbolism
Viola canadensis is a symbol of modesty, humility, sensitivity, and fragility. These flowers are popular gifts because they are said to symbolize admiration and respect.
History, Mythology, and Religious Significance
Canada Violets were once widely used as a medicine to treat Sciatica, Hyperaemia, and Splenomegaly in traditional Chinese medicine. It is also widely used as an herb in traditional Tibetan medicine. There is a symbol of faithfulness between two lovers in traditional Chinese culture, referred to as “Lover’s Violets”. The flower is also a symbol of meditation and contemplation in India.
Flower Varieties and Their Defining Characteristics
The primary species of Viola canadensis is the Canadian White Violet, or Viola canadensis, described in this article. The Common Blue Violet, or Viola sororia, is a species of violet found in woods, on river banks, and other moist, shady locations. This violet typically has blue, yellow, or white petals and a white pistil and may have spontaneous mutations that produce a variety of tints and shades. The Northern White Violet, or Viola pallens, is a showy perennial native to the Arctic (Viola pallens arctica) and Newfoundland (Viola pallens pallens). It has two to three white petals on top of hairy leaves that are highly scented.
How To Plant and Grow Canada Violet
The Canada Violet is most successful when planted in moist, slightly acidic soil and in partial shade. When planting Viola canadensis, make sure the soil is well-draining and the plant is in full sun or light shade. You can also prepare the planting area by mixing compost or fertilizer into the soil prior to planting. In addition, water them regularly, taking care not to overwater as this will cause root rot and discourage healthy growth. Be careful not to excessively prune as this will reduce blooming.
How to Pot and Repot Canada Violet
When potting the Canada Violet, it is essential to use a container with proper drainage holes. A well-draining potting mix should also be used, such as one specifically made for violet plants or an all-purpose potting mix with some sand and perlite mixed in. Plant your Canada Violet in the center of the container and fill in the potting mix around the plant, lightly pressing down with your hands. After planting, make sure to water the soil thoroughly and allow any excess water to drain out of the holes. To repot, simply remove the existing plant from its pot and transfer it to a larger container, with fresh soil.
How to Prune
Canada Violet requires very little pruning. If any dead blooms are present, simply cut them off with pruning shears to encourage re-blooming. Be careful not to excessively prune as this will reduce blooming and make the plant look ragged. If the plant gets too big or over-crowded, you can trim it down by removing the older, woody stems.
How to Propagate
The most popular way to propagate Canada Violet is through division. Start by digging up the entire plant and gently shaking the soil off the roots. Separate the plant into 2 or 3 divisions, each with a healthy root system. Re-pot the divisions in individual containers, using a well-draining potting mix. Water the divisions well and keep the soil consistently moist, but not soggy. The divisions should become established after 6-8 weeks.
Common Pests and Diseases
The Canada Violet is susceptible to a few pests and plant diseases. Aphids, spider mites, and caterpillars are some of the common pests that feed on the Canada Violet. Powdery mildew, black spot, and root rot are some of the most common plant diseases to watch out for. To prevent pests and diseases, make sure to keep the soil moist but not soggy and to keep the leaves dry. Regularly check the foliage and soil of your plant for any signs of pests or diseases.
Three Frequently Asked Questions about Viola canadensis
1. Is Viola canadensis poisonous?
Viola canadensis is not considered to be poisonous.
2. How long does it take for Viola canadensis to bloom?
Viola canadensis typically blooms from mid-Spring to mid-Summer.
3. Does Viola canadensis need fertilizer?
Viola canadensis does not necessarily need fertilizer, but can benefit from an all-purpose fertilizer applied at the start of the growing season.
Table Fact Sheet
| Canada Violet | Viola Canadensis |
|---|---|
| Family | Violaceae |
| Plant Type | Perennial |
| Mature Size | 15 cm |
| Sun Exposure | Partial Shade |
| Soil Type | Moist, slightly acidic |
| Soil pH | 5.5 – 6.5 |
| Bloom Time | Mid-Spring to mid-Summer |
| Flower Color | Creamy White |
| Hardiness Zones | 5 to 8 |
| Native Area | Eastern North America, Canada, parts of the United States |
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