The name Sedum is derived from the Latin word sedo, meaning “to sit”, as many of these plants are able to survive in hot, dry weather conditions with very little water. Stonecrop, a common name for certain species of Sedum, is derived from its ability to grow in rocky, mountainous areas. The various varieties of Sedum offer a wide range of colors, sizes, and habits, making it a popular and versatile garden plant.
Family
Stonecrop is part of the Crassulaceae family, commonly known as the Stonecrop family. This family consists of 1,400 species of succulent flowering plants that can be found in many regions of the world, including North America, Europe, and parts of Asia.
Plant Types
Stonecrop is a perennial that can be divided into three popular varieties grouped into upright, creeping, or mat-forming. This gives gardeners the choice to select the variety that best suits their needs, from a ground cover to a border plant.
Mature Size
Depending on the variety, Stonecrop can reach mature heights between 6 inches (15 cm) and 3 feet (90 cm). Most varieties have a spread of about 6-12 inches (15-30 cm) and are clumping in nature.
Sun Exposure
Most varieties of Stonecrop prefer full sun, however there is one variety of Sedum (Sedum album) that prefers partial shade.
Soil Type
Stonecrop will thrive in a well-drained soil. Sandy or gravelly soil is ideal, as it quickly drains excess moisture away from the plant and prevents root rot. If the plant is in a pot, a porous, light potting mix is recommended.
Soil pH
Stonecrop is not particular about soil pH, however soil should be kept between 6.1 and 7.5 for optimal growth.
Bloom Time
Most varieties of Stonecrop will bloom in mid to late summer. The flowers typically last for several months, providing both color and attracting pollinators like bees and butterflies.
Flower Color
The flower clusters of Stonecrop plants vary from pale to deep pink and creamy white to yellow in color. Outstanding varieties such as “Brilliant”, “Class Act”, “Matrona” and “Purple Emperor” have vibrant shades of purple and bicolor blooms.
Hardiness Zones
Stonecrop plants are hardy and can be found in hardiness zones 3-9.
Native Area
Stonecrop plants are native to North America, Europe and parts of Asia.
How to Plant and Grow
Stonecrop is easy to plant and maintain in any landscape. It’s important to plan for adequate spacing for the varieties that have a wide spread. Plant them about 6-12 inches apart. For those varieties that have a narrower spread, the spacing can be closer together. Planting in evenly moist soil is important. If you are planting in a container, make sure that there is adequate drainage by using a potting mix that is fast draining.
Stonecrop will thrive in any type of light, from full sun to partial shade. They will also tolerate a wide range of temperatures and humidity levels, meaning they can be adapted to nearly any climate. Keep in mind they are not drought resistant, so it’s important to water the plants when the soil is halfway dry. For those living in colder climates, it’s best to keep them away from cold winds and out of frost pockets.
Fertilizing Stonecrop is not necessary, however they will benefit from a little organic matter and a nitrogen fertilizer, if desired. If you are planting in a container, regular fertilization is recommended.
Meaning and Symbolism
Stonecrop symbolizes comfort and sustenance. In some cultures, it’s a symbol of harmony and friendship. The stonecrop flower can also be an emblem of leadership and insight. In regards to Chinese culture, stonecrop may symbolize energy, determination, as well as fortune and luck.
History, Mythology, and Religious Significance
Stonecrop has been used for many centuries for a variety of uses. In folk medicine, it was used to treat hemorrhoids, bruises and haemorrhages. Ancient physicians believed that the juice of Stonecrop flowers could be used to stop bleeding and heal cuts. In some Native American cultures, Stonecrop was brewed into a tea and believed to be a strong aphrodisiac.
In mythology, stonecrow was a sacred plant in ancient Greece. In the Odyssey, Ulysses states that he was guided by “the holy shrines of stonecrop” to his home in Ithaca. This has been interpreted to mean that stonecrop symbolized the divine guidance of the gods.
Stonecrows are not often found in religious scriptures or as a part of ceremonial practices. Even so, the stonecrop is often associated with strength, and many ancient cultures believed that Stonecrop had the power to ward off evil spirits.
Flower Varieties and Their Defining Characteristics
There are over 200 varieties of Stonecrop that all originate from the Crassulaceae family, a group of plants known for their succulence. This provides a wide range of colors, sizes, and habits for gardeners, making them a popular and versatile plant for any landscape.
The most popular varieties of Stonecrop are:
- Sedum sieboldii, which is an upright variety with rosettes of thick, blue-green leaves that turn pinkish-red in cooler weather. This cold tolerant Stonecrop has star-shaped white flowers and blooms in late summer. They are typically mature between 6-9 inches.
- Sedum reflexum, commonly known as Blue Spruce Sedum, is an upright variety with thick, blue-green leaves. This plant is recognizable by its star-shaped, lavender-pink flowers that bloom in late summer.
- Sedum spurium is a low-growing variety that forms a bed of rosettes with bright green, spoon-shaped foliage. The leaves are typically two-tone and can range from burgundy to dark green. This variety is known for its bright, star-shaped blooms in shades of red and pink.
- Sedum acre is an evergreen variety with tiny, rounded leaves. The small yellow flowers that bloom in late summer are very eye-catching, and the contrast between the glossy yellow petals and the blue-gray foliage is stunning. This species is drought tolerant and can be used as a ground cover.
- Sedum album, also known as White Stonecrop, is a creeping variety with thick, light green leaves. The white flowers and stems contrast beautifully against the light-green leaves. This variety thrives in cooler temperatures, partial shade, and well-drained soil. It is excellent for use as a ground cover or for growing in containers.
How to Pot and Repot
When purchasing a Stonecrop, look for plants that are labeled as “rootbound,” as this indicates that the plant has sufficient root growth and is ready to be repotted. Begin by lightly brushing off the excess soil from the roots of the plant and carefully set the plant in a slightly larger container with fast-draining soil. Fill in the gaps in the pot with soil, then lightly tap the pot to remove any air pockets. Finally, water the soil thoroughly to settle it and then move the Stonecrop to a sunny spot.
How to Prune
The ideal time for pruning is in late winter or very early spring. Pruning helps keep the plant more compact and also encourages new growth. Gently pinch off undesired tips of the stems and leaves. This will help the plant bush out and create a fuller look. If the Stonecrop is becoming overgrown and the center is starting to look bare, it can be cut back to the desired shape. It’s important to never remove more than a third of the plant at once.
How to Propagate
Stonecrop can be propagated by dividing the root clumps or by taking cuttings. When taking cuttings, remember to use a sharp and sterile knife. Cuttings should be taken in the spring or summer, when new growth is present. Once the cuttings are taken, they should be placed in a rooting medium and covered with a plastic bag. The rooting medium should be kept moist and the cuttings should be placed in indirect light until they begin to root. Once rooted, the cuttings can be replanted in the garden.
Common Pests and Diseases
Stonecrop is generally a low-maintenance plant, however it can succumb to certain pests and diseases. Common pests include aphids, slugs, and spider mites. These can be treated with an insecticidal or soapy water spray. Diseases that can affect Stonecrop are root rot, powdery mildew, and a few others. It’s important to ensure that the plant has adequate air circulation, is watered appropriately and is not overcrowded to prevent any of these issues.
Three Frequently Asked Questions about Sedum
Q: Can Sedum be grown indoors?
Yes, many varieties of Sedum do well when grown indoors. Fine varieties for indoor use include Sedum spurium, Sedum album, and Sedum spectabile. However, keep in mind that this is a succulent and it’s important to provide the plant with adequate sunlight and make sure that the soil is well-drained.
Q: When is the best time to plant Sedum?
The best time to plant Sedum is in the spring, after all danger of frost has passed. This allows the plants to establish their root systems before the cold winter sets in.
Q: How often should Sedum be watered?
Sedum is drought-tolerant and does not require frequent watering. Water only when the top inch or two of soil has dried out and make sure to empty any excess water from the drainage tray after each watering.
Table Fact Sheet with Data
| Stonecrop | Sedum |
|---|---|
| Family | Crassulaceae |
| Plant Type | Perennial |
| Mature Size | 6 – 36 inches |
| Sun Exposure | Full Sun to Partial Shade |
| Soil Type | Well-drained |
| Soil pH | 6.1 – 7.5 |
| Bloom Time | Mid to late summer |
| Flower Color | White, Yellow, Pink, Red |
| Hardiness Zones | 3 – 9 |
| Native Area | North America, Europe and parts of Asia |
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