The Papaver orientale, more commonly known as The Oriental Poppy, is a showy and captivating flower species capable of making its home in any garden. The name ‘Papaver’ is derived from the Latin word ‘pappa’, meaning ‘milk’, due to the color of its petals. ‘Orientale’, however, comes from the plant’s native area of Eastern Europe and Asia.
How to Plant and Grow Oriental Poppy
Examining the light conditions before planting is crucial in giving these flowers the best opportunity to reach their potential. Oriental Poppies thrive in full-sun or partial shade, and should be planted eighteen to twenty-four inches apart in well-draining, nutrient-rich soil. They are deciduous perennials, meaning they are annual in colder climates, so should be given ample water in the spring time, allowing moisture to soak the root zone but not enough to saturate the soil. Their deep taproots will take hold and will be able to withstand some dryer periods once established. They also benefit from irrigation in the form of drip or hose systems. As for fertilizer, a slow-release or specific poppy fertilizer can do wonders for providing nutrients and stimulation.
Meaning and symbolism
The Oriental Poppy is often used as an expression of deep admiration, fascination and imagination. Those who give this flower generally hope that the recipient can reach their dreams and fly as high as they can, just like the poppy flower. Once planted and looked after, poppies can last up to years and become a beautiful sight in the spring and early summer, associating the season with hope and tranquillity. Another popular meaning of this flower is symbolized in a much bleaker concept; Papaver orientale is also used to commemorate those who have passed, as a means for honoring those we now longer have by our side.
History, mythology, and religious significance
Oriental Poppies, throughout the ages, have been connected to all sorts of mythological stories and spiritual codes, from being one of the flowers present at the Tree of Life, to symbolizing success and maturity in ancient Greek and Roman culture. According to Norse mythology, the gods created a special bridge for the dead, using poppies as its foundations. In Christian contexts, poppies have been used as offerings of remembrance and honor when mourning. Its prevalence in evangelical culture is evidenced in poems and representations of the Virgin Mary and other saintly figures, who are often portrayed with oriental poppy in hand.
Flower varieties and their defining characteristics
Oriental Poppies come in a variety of colors, including orange, red, pink, purple and white, although the orange and red ones are the most common in gardens. Generally speaking, these flowers grow to around three feet tall, with one main flowering stem. Their petals are often frilled, with a dark center in the middle, although this may depend on the variety. Additionally, the seed pods of some varieties are extremely large.
How to pot and repot
The most important factor when potting Oriental Poppies is ensuring proper drainage. Potting soil should be light and well-draining, as Oriental Poppies are susceptible to root rot if the conditions are too humid. As for the actual process of potting, rinsing the pot before use is advised. Then, fill the pot just below the lip with potting soil, layering more soil towards the center. Finally, gently place the Blooming Poppies in the pot and settle them into the soil with the blade of a fork or spoon. Repotting should be done every two years or so, as the plant will become pot-bound if left longer.
How to prune
Pruning Oriental Poppies should be done in the late summertime, when the plants are beginning to go dormant. Cut the central stems to the base in order to encourage new growth the next year; doing this will also help to control how tall the plant grows. Deadheading these flowers will also keep them in full bloom, while also saving their energy. Last but not least, it is important to keep the spent seed heads, as they may often sprout off-season growth.
How to propagate
The best way to propagate Oriental Poppies is either by seed or by the root-balling process. For sowing, make sure to do so lightly, as their seeds barely need any soil coverage. Water them regularly, and they should be germinating within two weeks – although this may take a bit longer in colder climates. For root-balling, simply dig up the roots along with some of the soil and replant them in a pot or directly into the ground. When replanting, make sure to water the new hole thoroughly before adding the root-ball and gently compacting the soil.
Common pests and diseases
When grown in proper soil, a healthy Oriental Poppy will produce vibrant, lush blooms and a strong stem for several weeks. However, it is important to be on the lookout for any signs of disease that could affect your plants. These could range from root rot, leaf rust, and powdery mildew, to more serious problems like aphids, spider mites, and beetles. If you do spot any signs of infestation, act immediately and treat the plant with the appropriate pesticide.
Three frequently asked questions about Papaver orientale.
Q. How much sunlight do Oriental Poppies need?
A. Oriental Poppies will thrive in either full-sun or part-shade, though they prefer direct light to maximize their growth and blooming potential.
Q. How often do I need to water Oriental Poppies?
A. During the springtime, when the soil is still moist and is beginning to warm, Oriental Poppies should be given ample amounts of water, so that the root zone stays moist. During summer, this plant only requires water when the soil is completely dry, and no more than three times per week.
Q. How long will Oriental Poppies last?
A. Oriental Poppies may last for years, as long as they are looked after in a moderate climate. In colder regions, they are often grown as annuals, which means they will last for one season.
A table fact sheet, with data
| Oriental Poppy | Papaver orientale |
|---|---|
| Family | Papaveraceae |
| Plant Type | Perennial, Annual or Biennial |
| Mature Size | Up to 3 feet tall |
| Sun Exposure | Full Sun, Part Shade |
| Soil Type | Well-draining, Nutrient-rich |
| Soil pH | 6.0-7.3 |
| Bloom Time | Late Spring to Summer |
| Flower Color | Orange, Red, Pink, White |
| Hardiness Zones | Zones 3-8 |
| Native Area | Eastern Europe and Asia |
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