Ornamental onion, Allium giganteum, is a tall perennial plant that produces small star-shaped purple flowers. It blooms in late spring or early summer and is known for its long-lasting and ornamental blooms. They look great when planted in large sweeping drifts of 10 or more plants or amongst more delicate textured plants, and they also attract butterflies. The term Allium giganteum comes from Latin, meaning “giant garlic.” Formerly it was also known as Lilium senescens and was included in the family Liliaceae.
How to Plant
Ornamental Onion requires plenty of sun exposure and well-drained soil to ensure the best growth. Amend your soil with organic material such as compost or manure prior to planting. Ornamental Onions should be planted in spring or fall. Once planted, water the soil lightly and fertilize with a balanced fertilizer. Once established, water deeply and regularly until the bulbs have developed at least two sets of leaves. After that, water as needed.
To encourage a continued supply of flowers, deadhead the flowers after blooming is finished for the season. Ornamental Onions can also be divided in autumn to increase the number of plants.
Meaning and symbolism
The Ornamental Onion has a long symbolic history, as it is often associated with love and friendship in many cultures. In many cultures, it has been used to signify innocence and harmony, and it is a popular theme in wedding ceremonies because of its connections to fertility and abundance. The flower is often found in Victorian gardens and was given to show appreciation and admiration.
History, mythology, and religious significance
The Ornamental Onion is steeped in history and mythology. In Ancient Greece and Rome, it was believed to have healing qualities and was used to treat fevers, inflammation and even the consumption of alcohol. It is also mentioned in the Bible as a symbol of humility.
In Hindu mythology, it is said that the Ornamental Onion represents the silver garland that Shiva wore around his neck, symbolizing his victory over death. In Buddhist paintings, Urna Mangalaya, or the symbol of good fortune, is represented by an onion garland. In Japan, the flower is also used as a symbol of happiness and good luck.
Flower varieties and their defining characteristics
Allium giganteum is an extremely varied species and there are many popular cultivars to choose from. These cultivars come in many sizes, colors, and shapes and are suitable for many different uses. Some of the most popular cultivars include:
- ‘Globemaster’:
This cultivar has large, rounded flower heads with deep purple flowers. It can reach heights up to 36 inches and blooms from July to August. The flowers are great for cut flower arrangements. - ‘Ivory Queen’:
A smaller version, with white flowers, this cultivar is perfect for smaller spaces or gardens with less sunlight. It has multiple flower heads produced in July and August and will reach a maximum of 24 inches in height. - ‘Purple Sensation’:
A larger variety with deep purple flowers and a height of up to 40 inches, this cultivar is one of the most popular cultivars in the Allium giganteum species. It blooms in summer and is a great choice for ornamental gardens. - ‘Summer Beauty’:
This cultivar is quite unique as it has clusters of small honey-scented yellow flowers on the top of a single stem. It has a height of around 36 inches and blooms from June to August.
How to pot and repot
Ornamental Onions can be potted in either pots or containers, but it is best to select a pot or container of appropriate size as oversized ones can prevent adequate aeration and drainage of the soil. Ensure that there are enough drainage holes at the bottom of the pot or container and avoid soaking the soil for long periods of time. It’s important to use a light and well-drained potting mix, as heavy soils can cause waterlogging.
When repotting, ensure that the bulb is not planted too deep and that the soil is well-draining. If you are repotting the bulb from a pot, loosen the soil around the edges and gently remove it from the pot. Place the bulb in the new pot, adding soil to cover the bulb as necessary. Water well and allow the soil to become almost dry between watering.
How to prune
Ornamental Onions don’t require regular pruning, but can benefit from a light trimming once in a while. If the foliage appears too tall or overgrown towards the later part of the season, remove the top third of the foliage. Alternatively, you can deadhead or remove spent flowers by cutting the stem down to the base. This will encourage more blooms and prevent the plant from going to seed.
How to propagate
Ornamental Onions can be propagated by bulbs, seeds, or division. To propagate by seed, sow them outdoors as soon as they are ripe in the fall. To propagate by bulb, divide an existing bulb in the spring or summer and place the separated segments in containers of potting soil. To propagate by division, remove the outer bulbs and replant the inner ones.
Common pests and diseases
Ornamental Onions are fairly resistant to pests and diseases but can suffer from the occasional infestation or infection. The most common pests are aphids and slugs, which can be controlled by regularly removing them by hand or using a natural insecticide. Fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, and white rot can, however, cause more serious damage. To prevent these diseases, ensure that the plants have good air circulation and that the soil is kept moist but not overly wet.
Three frequently asked questions about Allium giganteum
- What type of plant is Allium giganteum?
Allium giganteum is a type of perennial flowering plant which grows from bulbs. It is native to Central Asia and the Middle East.
What type of climate does it prefer?
Allium giganteum prefers a cool, mild climate and plenty of sun exposure. It can tolerate temperatures as low as -20°F but without proper care, will not flower well in warmer climates.
When does Allium giganteum bloom?
When planted in the right climate and given appropriate care and attention, Allium giganteum will usually bloom between late spring and early summer.
A table fact sheet, with data
| Ornamental Onion | Allium giganteum |
|---|---|
| Family | Amaryllidaceae |
| Plant Type | Perennial |
| Mature Size | High of 24-40” |
| Sun Exposure | Full Sun/Part Shade |
| Soil Type | Well drained |
| Soil pH | 6-7.5 |
| Bloom Time | July/August |
| Flower Color | Purple/White/Yellow |
| Hardiness Zones | 3-8 |
| Native Area | Central Asia/Middle East |
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