Known as the Common Hollyhock, this ornamental plant is a great addition to any garden. It grown up to two meters with an abundance of large, funnel-shaped flowers, blooming in a range of colors like red, pink, purple, white, black, and bi-colors – a great pick for the pollinators.
Hollyhock is of the genus Alcea under the family Malvaceae. It is a robust biennial or short-lived perennial.
Etymology
The genus Alcea was derived from a Greek term “alke” that refers to a type of herbaceous plant in Homer’s Iliad. The species name rosea mostly means pinkish-rose in color, referring to the flower’s coloration. On the other hand, the common name “Hollyhock” is believed to be derived from the old English word “holegn” that is also related to the word “holy”.
How to Plant
Hollyhock plants require at least 6 hours of bright, indirect sunlight each day. They prefer well-drained, humus-rich soil that should remain consistently moist. Ideal temperature should range from 65° to 70°F, but it can tolerate extreme temperatures as well. Plants may need to be staked. Fertilizing twice a year (spring and summer) is recommended.
Meaning and Symbolism
Hollyhocks, especially in white and pink, symbolize fertility and feminine energy. Pink hollyhocks are often seen in many cultures as a symbol of abundance. In some parts of the world, they are also believed to bring good luck and wealth.
History, Mythology, and Religious Significance
In the ancient time, the hollyhock was a popular ornamental windbreak, although it was not widely used in English gardens until the 1700s. Humble hollyhock appears in many places of historic and religious importance, including its presence in several paintings by the Dutch artist Jan Steen as well as some of Perugino’s frescoes representing the Life of Christ.
In Buddhism, the hollyhock is a symbol of the Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha; it is one of the auspicious Eight Buddhist Emblems. In Taoism, the hollyhock symbolizes faith in the future regardless of adversity.
Flower Varieties and Their Defining Characteristics
The genus Alcea includes several species of flowers, some of which are native to Asia, Africa, and Europe. The two most popular species are Alcea rosea (also known as The Common Hollyhock) and Alcea ‘Chater’s Double’ (which produces semi-double flowers). Other species include:
- Alcea rugosa: Red-leaved and red-stemmed hollyhock, with lemon-yellow flowers.
- Alcea pallida: Pale yellow flowers with light yellow-green sepals.
- Alcea ficifolia: Scarlet-red flowers with cream-colored centers.
How to Pot and Repot
Since Hollyhock is a tall growing plant, it is recommended to plant it in the ground. However, it can also be planted in a pot, with support from a cage or trellis. When planting in the ground, it is best to choose a spot in the full sun, with well-draining soil.
When repotting hollyhock, it is best to use a lightweight potting soil mix with some added compost for nutrition. The soil should also be slightly acidic, with a pH range of 6.5-7.5. To promote healthy growth and blooms, repot the hollyhock at least once a year.
How to Prune
Hollyhock generally requires little to no pruning. Pruning should always take place in the spring when the new growth appears. When pruning, cut out any dead or damaged stems as well as any weak or overgrown stems. Additionally, remove any flowers that are past their prime.
How to Propagate
Hollyhock can be propagated easily from seed, cuttings, and root divisions. Growing from seed is the most common and simple way to propagate hollyhock. In the springtime, just sow the seeds directly into the soil or sow in seedling trays and transplant once the plants are big enough. To propagate through cuttings, take stem cuttings in the spring or early summer.
Common Pests and Diseases
Hollyhock is generally considered pest-free but can be susceptible to foliage eating pests such as caterpillars and aphids. In addition, the plant can be prone to fungal diseases such as rust and powdery mildew. To prevent or manage these issues, it is important to water plants at the base to reduce the spread of diseases, and to use insecticidal soaps or neem oil to control pests.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: How tall does the Hollyhock plant grow?
A: The Hollyhock plant can grow up to two meters in height.
Q: What colors of flowers can Hollyhock produce?
A: Hollyhock can produce a variety of colors including red, pink, purple, white, black, and bi-colors.
Q: What is the origin of Hollyhock?
A: Hollyhock plants are believed to have originated in and around the Mediterranean region.
Hollyhock Fact Sheet
| Hollyhock | Alcea rosea |
|---|---|
| Family | Malvaceae |
| Plant Type | Biennial/Perennial |
| Mature Size | 2 meters |
| Sun Exposure | Full Sun |
| Soil Type | Well-drained, Humus-rich |
| Soil pH | 6.5-7.5 |
| Bloom Time | June to September |
| Flower Color | Red, Pink, Purple, White, Black, Bi-colors |
| Hardiness Zones | 3 to 10 |
| Native Area | Asia, Africa and Europe |
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